The RecursiveDirectoryIterator class

(PHP 5, PHP 7)

简介

The RecursiveDirectoryIterator provides an interface for iterating recursively over filesystem directories.

类摘要

RecursiveDirectoryIterator extends FilesystemIterator implements SeekableIterator , RecursiveIterator {
/* 继承的常量 */
const integer FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_PATHNAME = 32 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO = 0 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_SELF = 16 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_MODE_MASK = 240 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::KEY_AS_PATHNAME = 0 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::KEY_AS_FILENAME = 256 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::FOLLOW_SYMLINKS = 512 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::KEY_MODE_MASK = 3840 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::NEW_CURRENT_AND_KEY = 256 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS = 4096 ;
const integer FilesystemIterator::UNIX_PATHS = 8192 ;
/* 方法 */
public __construct ( string $path [, int $flags = FilesystemIterator::KEY_AS_PATHNAME | FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO ] )
public getChildren ( void ) : mixed
public getSubPath ( void ) : string
public getSubPathname ( void ) : string
public hasChildren ([ bool $allow_links = FALSE ] ) : bool
public key ( void ) : string
public next ( void ) : void
public rewind ( void ) : void
/* Inherits */
public FilesystemIterator::__construct ( string $path [, int $flags = FilesystemIterator::KEY_AS_PATHNAME | FilesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO | FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS ] )
public FilesystemIterator::current ( void ) : mixed
public FilesystemIterator::getFlags ( void ) : int
public FilesystemIterator::key ( void ) : string
public FilesystemIterator::next ( void ) : void
public FilesystemIterator::rewind ( void ) : void
public FilesystemIterator::setFlags ([ int $flags ] ) : void
}

更新日志

版本 说明
5.3.0 The FilesystemIterator was introduced as the parent class. Previously, the parent was the DirectoryIterator.
5.3.0 Implements SeekableIterator.
5.2.11, 5.3.1 Added RecursiveDirectoryIterator::FOLLOW_SYMLINKS

Table of Contents

User Contributed Notes

dxvargas 09-Sep-2019 08:54
When using the option FilesystemIterator::FOLLOW_SYMLINKS if there is a symlink to an upper directory there is a loop so we end up with repeated directories.
For example (having a -> ../ ):

/c
/c/..
/c/a
/c/a/c
/c/a/c/..
/c/a/c/a
/c/a/c/a/c
... (up to 40 x /c/a )
/c/a/c/a/..
/c/a/c/a/.
/c/a/c/.
/c/a/..
/c/a/.
/c/.
/..
/.

Apparently there is a limit to avoid having an infinite loop. I don't know documentation for this.

It would be interesting to have an option to allow following symlinks without loops.
flaurora_sonora 15-Aug-2019 11:30
Do not waste your time with this. I have included a function below that accomplishes the same thing more simply. If you want to do regex while iterating you can pass the regex into the recursive function as a parameter.

<?php

function recursive_read($directory, $entries_array = array()) {
    if(is_dir($directory)) {
        $handle = opendir($directory);
        while(FALSE !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
            if($entry == '.' || $entry == '..') {
                continue;
            }
            $Entry = $directory . DS . $entry;
            if(is_dir($Entry)) {
                $entries_array = recursive_read($Entry, $entries_array);
            } else {
                $entries_array[] = $Entry;
            }
        }
        closedir($handle);
    }
    return $entries_array;
}

?>
dev_zakaria at outlook dot com 15-Apr-2019 03:50
if you want to show the all files from all directories you have to follow it-

$dir = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(getcwd());
$files = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($dir);

foreach($files as $file){
   echo $file->getFileName();
   echo PHP_EOL; // for new line
}

Now, if you want to show the full path, then follow this-

$dir = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(getcwd());
$files = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($dir);

foreach($files as $file){
   echo $file->getPath().$file->getFileName();
   echo PHP_EOL;
}

If you want to skip the dots, you need to change the first line with this-
$dir = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(getcwd(), RecursiveDirectoryIterator::SKIP_DOTS);
TDP 12-Apr-2017 02:25
There are differences between Windows and Linux about the order of the files.

<?php
$it = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
    new RecursiveDirectoryIterator( 'path/to/dir' )
    //, does not matter the flag
    );
...
?>

On Windows, you will get the files ordered by name. On Linux they are not ordered.
alexandrebr at gmail dot com 20-Jan-2016 02:50
I tried to use RecursiveDirectoryIterator to dump all files (and theirs properties, such as size/is_link/is_dir/mtime/perms/owner/group) from a large directory (~400.000 files), filtering some specific wanted files/folders.

Using RecursiveDirectoryIterator and SplFileInfo, dump was taking about 50 seconds to perform, but it was working.

However, to improve performance, I decided to make another version of the same script, using only direct file functions, such as "readdir", "filesize", "filemtime", etc.., and adding recursivity myself (if(is_dir($path)) doRecursivity($path);

After running it, script went from ~50s to only ~20s to complete (On Linux CentOS 7, SSD 300IPs).

Strangely, on Windows 7, Sata3 (with exactly same files [mirrored]) the time went from ~63s to ~57s.

I believe that this payload is due to the OO approach of SPL, which runs lots of unnecessary extra code to perform the same tasks with more reliability, while direct file funcions are more like alias to C corresponding functions, and thereover, must faster.

So, if you're dealing with a large amount of files, using RecursiveDirectoryIterator is probably not the way to go.
flobee 29-Mar-2015 02:58
In this doc page i see things for to hide hidden files  (also for opendir() or readdir() .... this should be mentiond all there
<?php
// not hidden but on most OS systems Win, *nix, OSX..
if ($file == '.' || $file == '..') {
     // "." current dir info,
     // ".." dir above info,
          continue;
?>
or
<?php
if $name[0] === '.' // NOT OK FOLKS
?>
Think:
"... and then came Polly.avi" is the title of the Movi. What do you do then?

Windows does it different with hidden files than unix based systems.

For unix based systems  something like this should work:
<?php
if (preg_match('/^(\.\w+|\.$|\.\.$)/i', $location)) {
/* is hidden:
    .
    ..
    .dir
    .file
*/
}
// must be ok: "..some thing", "... some thing"
?>

I know you do it (if $name[0] === '.' ) because it is much faster. But it is NOT correct and some day you miss things like me today :-)
sun 28-Feb-2014 08:39
Since I continue to run into implementations across the net that are unintentionally running into this trap — beware:

RecursiveDirectoryIterator recurses without limitations into the full filesystem tree.

Do NOT do the following, unless you intentionally want to infinitely recurse without limitations:

<?php
$directory = new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path);
$iterator = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator($directory);
$files = array();
foreach ($iterator as $info) {
  if (...custom conditions...) {
    $files[] = $info->getPathname();
  }
}
?>

1. RecursiveDirectoryIterator is just a RecursiveIterator that recurses into its children, until no more children are found.

2. The instantiation of RecursiveIteratorIterator causes RecursiveDirectoryIterator to *immediately* recurse infinitely into the entire filesystem tree (starting from the given base path).

3. Unnecessary filesystem recursion is slow.  In 90% of all cases, this is not what you want.

Remember this simple rule of thumb:

→ A RecursiveDirectoryIterator must be FILTERED or you have a solid reason for why it shouldn't.

On PHP <5.4, implement the following - your custom conditions move into a proper filter:

<?php
$directory = new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path, \FilesystemIterator::FOLLOW_SYMLINKS);
$filter = new MyRecursiveFilterIterator($directory);
$iterator = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator($filter);
$files = array();
foreach ($iterator as $info) {
  $files[] = $info->getPathname();
}

class MyRecursiveFilterIterator extends \RecursiveFilterIterator {

  public function accept() {
    $filename = $this->current()->getFilename();
    // Skip hidden files and directories.
    if ($name[0] === '.') {
      return FALSE;
    }
    if ($this->isDir()) {
      // Only recurse into intended subdirectories.
      return $name === 'wanted_dirname';
    }
    else {
      // Only consume files of interest.
      return strpos($name, 'wanted_filename') === 0;
    }
  }

}
?>

On PHP 5.4+, PHP core addressed the slightly cumbersome issue of having to create an entirely new class and you can leverage the new RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator instead:

<?php
$directory = new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path, \FilesystemIterator::FOLLOW_SYMLINKS);
$filter = new \RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator($directory, function ($current, $key, $iterator) {
  // Skip hidden files and directories.
  if ($current->getFilename()[0] === '.') {
    return FALSE;
  }
  if ($current->isDir()) {
    // Only recurse into intended subdirectories.
    return $current->getFilename() === 'wanted_dirname';
  }
  else {
    // Only consume files of interest.
    return strpos($current->getFilename(), 'wanted_filename') === 0;
  }
});
$iterator = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator($filter);
$files = array();
foreach ($iterator as $info) {
  $files[] = $info->getPathname();
}
?>

Have fun!
rockerBOO 19-Jan-2014 04:01
When looping through the RecursiveDirectoryIterator , the results use  SplFileInfo.
Edward Rudd 18-Dec-2013 04:11
(related to the post about exceptions in getChildren().

instead of subclassing you can simply use the CATCH_GET_CHILD flag for RecursiveIteratorIterator

new RecursiveIteratorIterator($diriter, RecursiveIteratorIterator::CATCH_GET_CHILD);
dblanchard1 at bbox dot fr 13-Nov-2013 09:07
If you want to copy all files recursively from a source directory to some destination  :

    $directory = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator("./source_path/");

    foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($directory) as $filename=>$current) {
           
            $src = $current->getPathName();
            $dest = "./destination_path/" . $current->getFileName();
           
            echo "copy " .  $src . " => " . $dest  . "\n";
           
            copy($src, $dest);
     }

I hope it can help someone because when I looked for this solution I had to transform another example to get it.
catinahat at cool dot fr dot nf 19-Jan-2013 12:44
If you need to convert a nested directory tree into a multidimensional array, use this code:

<?php
$ritit = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($startpath), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST);
$r = array();
foreach ($ritit as $splFileInfo) {
   $path = $splFileInfo->isDir()
         ? array($splFileInfo->getFilename() => array())
         : array($splFileInfo->getFilename());

   for ($depth = $ritit->getDepth() - 1; $depth >= 0; $depth--) {
       $path = array($ritit->getSubIterator($depth)->current()->getFilename() => $path);
   }
   $r = array_merge_recursive($r, $path);
}

print_r($r);
?>
Josh Heidenreich 14-Feb-2012 03:51
The returned object is an iterator of SplFileInfo objects.
antennen 02-Jan-2011 09:40
If you use RecursiveDirectoryIterator with RecursiveIteratorIterator and run into UnexpectedValueException you may use this little hack to ignore those directories, such as lost+found on linux.

<?php
class IgnorantRecursiveDirectoryIterator extends RecursiveDirectoryIterator {
    function getChildren() {
        try {
            return new IgnorantRecursiveDirectoryIterator($this->getPathname());
        } catch(UnexpectedValueException $e) {
            return new RecursiveArrayIterator(array());
        }
    }
}
?>

Use just like the normal RecursiveDirectoryIterator.
Thriault 09-Apr-2010 12:05
If you would like to get, say, all the *.php files in your project folder, recursively, you could use the following:

<?php

$Directory = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('path/to/project/');
$Iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($Directory);
$Regex = new RegexIterator($Iterator, '/^.+\.php$/i', RecursiveRegexIterator::GET_MATCH);

?>

$Regex will contain a single index array for each PHP file.
megar 15-Jul-2009 01:57
Usage example:
To see all the files, and count the space usage:

<?php
$ite=new RecursiveDirectoryIterator("/path/");

$bytestotal=0;
$nbfiles=0;
foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($ite) as $filename=>$cur) {
    $filesize=$cur->getSize();
    $bytestotal+=$filesize;
    $nbfiles++;
    echo "$filename => $filesize\n";
}

$bytestotal=number_format($bytestotal);
echo "Total: $nbfiles files, $bytestotal bytes\n";
?>
alvaro at demogracia dot com 18-Sep-2008 08:15
Usage example:

<?php

$path = realpath('/etc');

$objects = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path), RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST);
foreach($objects as $name => $object){
    echo "$name\n";
}

?>

This prints a list of all files and directories under $path (including $path ifself). If you want to omit directories, remove the RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST part.