On an error hash_pbkdf2() will not just raise an E_WARNING but it will also return FALSE.
(PHP 5 >= 5.5.0, PHP 7)
hash_pbkdf2 — 生成所提供密码的 PBKDF2 密钥导出
$algo
, string $password
, string $salt
, int $iterations
[, int $length = 0
[, bool $raw_output = FALSE
]] ) : string
algo哈希算法名称，例如 md5，sha256，haval160,4 等。 受支持的算法清单请参见 hash_algos()。
password要进行导出的密码。
salt进行导出时所使用的"盐"，这个值应该是随机生成的。
iterations进行导出时的迭代次数。
length
密钥导出数据的长度。如果 raw_output 为 TRUE，
此参数为密钥导出数据的字节长度。如果 raw_output 为 FALSE，
此参数为密钥导出数据的字节长度的 2 倍，因为 1 个字节数据对应的 2 个 16 进制的字符。
如果传入 0，则使用所选算法的完整输出大小。
raw_output
设置为 TRUE 输出原始二进制数据，
设置为 FALSE 输出小写 16 进制字符串。
如果 raw_output 设置为 TRUE，
则返回原始二进制数据表示的信息摘要，
否则返回 16 进制小写字符串格式表示的信息摘要。
在以下情况下会产生 E_WARNING：
指定了未知的算法，
iterations 小于等于 0，
length 小于等于 0 或者
salt 过长（大于 INT_MAX - 4）。
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 7.2.0 | 不再支持非加密的哈希函数（adler32，crc32，crc32b，fnv132，fnv1a32，fnv164，fnv1a64，joaat）。 |
Example #1 hash_pbkdf2() 例程，基础用法
<?php
$password = "password";
$iterations = 1000;
// 使用 openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()，random_bytes()，或者其他合适的随机数生成函数
// 来生成随机初始向量
$salt = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
$hash = hash_pbkdf2("sha256", $password, $salt, $iterations, 20);
echo $hash;
?>
以上例程的输出类似于：
120fb6cffcf8b32c43e7
为了安全起见，可以使用 PBKDF2 方法对密码明文进行哈希运算后再存储。
但是更好的方案是使用 password_hash() 函数
或者使用 CRYPT_BLOWFISH 算法调用
crypt() 函数。
On an error hash_pbkdf2() will not just raise an E_WARNING but it will also return FALSE.
This is a very basic implementation of Rfc2898DeriveBytes class with only 2 of its constructors in case someone else finds it useful.
class Rfc2898DeriveBytes
{
private $textToHash;
private $saltByteSize;
public $salt;
public function __construct($arg1, $arg2)
{
if (is_string($arg1) && is_integer($arg2)) {
$this->textToHash = $arg1;
$this->saltByteSize = $arg2;
$this->salt = substr(
hex2bin(sha1(uniqid('', true))),
0,
$this->saltByteSize
);
} elseif (is_string($arg1) && is_string($arg2)) {
$this->textToHash = $arg1;
$this->salt = $arg2;
}
}
public function getBytes($size)
{
return hash_pbkdf2(
"sha1",
$this->textToHash,
$this->salt,
1000,
$size,
true
);
}
}
Note that if $raw_output is false, then the output will be encoded using lowercase hexits. Some other systems (such as Django 2.0) use base64 instead. So if you're trying to generate hash strings that are compatible with those systems, you can use the base64_encode function, like this:
<?php
echo base64_encode( hash_pbkdf2( "sha256", "example password", "BbirbJq1C1G7", 100000, 0, true ) );
?>
Please pay great attention to the **$length** parameter! It is exactly the **return string length**, NOT the length of raw binary hash result.
I had a big problem about this --
I thought that `hash_pbkdf2(...false)` should equals to `bin2hex(hash_pbkdf2(...true))` just like `md5($x)` equals `bin2hex(md5($x, true))`. However I was wrong:
hash_pbkdf2('sha256', '123456', 'abc', 10000, 50, false); // returns string(50) "584bc5b41005169f1fa15177edb78d75f9846afc466a4bae05"
hash_pbkdf2('sha256', '123456', 'abc', 10000, 50, true); // returns string(50) "XK?? ?Qw?u??j?FjK???BFW?YpG ?mp.g2?`;N?"
bin2hex(hash_pbkdf2('sha256', '123456', 'abc', 10000, 50, true)); // returns string(100) "584bc5b41005169f1fa15177edb78d75f9846afc466a4bae05119c82424657c81b5970471f098a6d702e6732b7603b194efe"
So I add such a note. Hope it will help someone else like me.
There is a mistake in the class provided by Binod Kumar Luitel (http://php.net/manual/en/function.hash-pbkdf2.php#113488):
this line:
return bin2hex(substr($this->output, 0, $this->key_length));
must be changed to:
return substr(bin2hex($this->output), 0, $this->key_length);
This is a light-weight drop-in replacement for PHP's hash_pbkdf2(); written for compatibility with older versions of PHP.
Written, formatted and tested by myself, but using code and ideas based on the following:
https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm
https://github.com/rchouinard/hash_pbkdf2-compat/blob/master/src/hash_pbkdf2.php
https://gist.github.com/rsky/5104756
My main goals:
1) Maximum compatibility with PHP hash_pbkdf2(), ie. a drop-in replacement function
2) Minimum code size/bloat
3) Easy to copy/paste
4) No classes, and not encapsulated in a class! Why write a class when a simple function will do?
5) Eliminate calls to sprintf(). (used by other examples for the error reporting)
6) No other dependencies, ie. extra required functions
<?php
if (!function_exists('hash_pbkdf2'))
{
function hash_pbkdf2($algo, $password, $salt, $count, $length = 0, $raw_output = false)
{
if (!in_array(strtolower($algo), hash_algos())) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Unknown hashing algorithm: ' . $algo, E_USER_WARNING);
if (!is_numeric($count)) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): expects parameter 4 to be long, ' . gettype($count) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
if (!is_numeric($length)) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): expects parameter 5 to be long, ' . gettype($length) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
if ($count <= 0) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Iterations must be a positive integer: ' . $count, E_USER_WARNING);
if ($length < 0) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Length must be greater than or equal to 0: ' . $length, E_USER_WARNING);
$output = '';
$block_count = $length ? ceil($length / strlen(hash($algo, '', $raw_output))) : 1;
for ($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++)
{
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algo, $salt . pack('N', $i), $password, true);
for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++)
{
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algo, $last, $password, true));
}
$output .= $xorsum;
}
if (!$raw_output) $output = bin2hex($output);
return $length ? substr($output, 0, $length) : $output;
}
}
See also https://github.com/rchouinard/hash_pbkdf2-compat for a compatibility function
this snippet was posted over a year ago on a dutch PHP community: (reference/source: http://www.phphulp.nl/php/script/beveiliging/pbkdf2-een-veilige-manier-om-wachtwoorden-op-te-slaan/1956/pbkdf2php/1757/)
<?php
/**
* @author Chris Horeweg
* @package Security_Tools
*/
function pbkdf2($password, $salt, $algorithm = 'sha512', $count = 20000, $key_length = 128, $raw_output = false)
{
if(!in_array($algorithm, hash_algos(), true)) {
exit('pbkdf2: Hash algoritme is niet geinstalleerd op het systeem.');
}
if($count <= 0 || $key_length <= 0) {
$count = 20000;
$key_length = 128;
}
$hash_length = strlen(hash($algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($key_length / $hash_length);
$output = "";
for($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
$last = $salt . pack("N", $i);
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true);
for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++) {
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true));
}
$output .= $xorsum;
}
if($raw_output) {
return substr($output, 0, $key_length);
}
else {
return base64_encode(substr($output, 0, $key_length));
}
}
People who wants pure PHP implementation of the function, i.e. who don't have PHP 5.5 installed within their server, can use the following implementation. Nothing has been modified so far as from reference https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm but the OOP lovers might like this.
For more information about PBKDF2 see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2
<?php
/**
* PBKDF2 key derivation function as defined by RSA's PKCS #5: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2898.txt
* $algorithm - The hash algorithm to use. Recommended: SHA256
* $password - The password.
* $salt - A salt that is unique to the password.
* $count - Iteration count. Higher is better, but slower. Recommended: At least 1000.
* $key_length - The length of the derived key in bytes.
* $raw_output - If true, the key is returned in raw binary format. Hex encoded otherwise.
* Returns: A $key_length-byte key derived from the password and salt.
*/
if (!function_exists("hash_pbkdf2")) {
function hash_pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false) {
class pbkdf2 {
public $algorithm;
public $password;
public $salt;
public $count;
public $key_length;
public $raw_output;
private $hash_length;
private $output = "";
public function __construct($data = null)
{
if ($data != null) {
$this->init($data);
}
}
public function init($data)
{
$this->algorithm = $data["algorithm"];
$this->password = $data["password"];
$this->salt = $data["salt"];
$this->count = $data["count"];
$this->key_length = $data["key_length"];
$this->raw_output = $data["raw_output"];
}
public function hash()
{
$this->algorithm = strtolower($this->algorithm);
if(!in_array($this->algorithm, hash_algos(), true))
throw new Exception('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid hash algorithm.');
if($this->count <= 0 || $this->key_length <= 0)
throw new Exception('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid parameters.');
$this->hash_length = strlen(hash($this->algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($this->key_length / $this->hash_length);
for ($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
// $i encoded as 4 bytes, big endian.
$last = $this->salt . pack("N", $i);
// first iteration
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($this->algorithm, $last, $this->password, true);
// perform the other $this->count - 1 iterations
for ($j = 1; $j < $this->count; $j++) {
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($this->algorithm, $last, $this->password, true));
}
$this->output .= $xorsum;
if($this->raw_output)
return substr($this->output, 0, $this->key_length);
else
return bin2hex(substr($this->output, 0, $this->key_length));
}
}
}
$data = array('algorithm' => $algorithm, 'password' => $password, 'salt' => $salt, 'count' => $count, 'key_length' => $key_length, 'raw_output' => $raw_output);
try {
$pbkdf2 = new pbkdf2($data);
return $pbkdf2->hash();
} catch (Exception $e) {
throw $e;
}
}
}
Sadly this function was added in PHP 5.5 but many webservers just provide PHP 5.3. But there exists a pure PHP implementation (found here: https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm).
I took this implementation, put it into a class with comments for PHPDoc and added a switch so that the native PHP function is used if available.
Feel free to use it!
http://pastebin.com/f5PDq735
(Posted on pastebin.com since the text would have been too long)