(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7)
在讨论如何使用命名空间之前，必须了解 PHP 是如何知道要使用哪一个命名空间中的元素的。可以将 PHP 命名空间与文件系统作一个简单的类比。在文件系统中访问一个文件有三种方式：
下面是一个使用这三种方式的实例：
file1.php
<?php
namespace Foo\Bar\subnamespace;
const FOO = 1;
function foo() {}
class foo
{
static function staticmethod() {}
}
?>
file2.php
<?php
namespace Foo\Bar;
include 'file1.php';
const FOO = 2;
function foo() {}
class foo
{
static function staticmethod() {}
}
/* 非限定名称 */
foo(); // 解析为 Foo\Bar\foo resolves to function Foo\Bar\foo
foo::staticmethod(); // 解析为类 Foo\Bar\foo的静态方法staticmethod。resolves to class Foo\Bar\foo, method staticmethod
echo FOO; // resolves to constant Foo\Bar\FOO
/* 限定名称 */
subnamespace\foo(); // 解析为函数 Foo\Bar\subnamespace\foo
subnamespace\foo::staticmethod(); // 解析为类 Foo\Bar\subnamespace\foo,
// 以及类的方法 staticmethod
echo subnamespace\FOO; // 解析为常量 Foo\Bar\subnamespace\FOO
/* 完全限定名称 */
\Foo\Bar\foo(); // 解析为函数 Foo\Bar\foo
\Foo\Bar\foo::staticmethod(); // 解析为类 Foo\Bar\foo, 以及类的方法 staticmethod
echo \Foo\Bar\FOO; // 解析为常量 Foo\Bar\FOO
?>
注意访问任意全局类、函数或常量，都可以使用完全限定名称，例如 \strlen() 或 \Exception 或 \INI_ALL。
Example #1 在命名空间内部访问全局类、函数和常量
<?php
namespace Foo;
function strlen() {}
const INI_ALL = 3;
class Exception {}
$a = \strlen('hi'); // 调用全局函数strlen
$b = \INI_ALL; // 访问全局常量 INI_ALL
$c = new \Exception('error'); // 实例化全局类 Exception
?>
<?php
namespace Foo;
try {
// Something awful here
// That will throw a new exception from SPL
}
catch (Exception as $ex) {
// We will never get here
// This is because we are catchin Foo\Exception
}
?>
Instead use fully qualified name for the exception to catch it
<?php
namespace Foo;
try {
// something awful here
// That will throw a new exception from SPL
}
catch (\Exception as $ex) {
// Now we can get here at last
}
?>
It seems the file system analogy only goes so far. One thing that's missing that would be very useful is relative navigation up the namespace chain, e.g.
<?php
namespace MyProject {
class Person {}
}
namespace MyProject\People {
class Adult extends ..\Person {}
}
?>
That would be really nice, especially if you had really deep namespaces. It would save you having to type out the full namespace just to reference a resource one level up.
Well variables inside namespaces do not override others since variables are never affected by namespace but always global:
"Although any valid PHP code can be contained within a namespace, only four types of code are affected by namespaces: classes, interfaces, functions and constants. "
Source: "Defining Namespaces"
http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.definition.php
Working with variables can overwrite equal variables in other namespaces
<?php // php5 - package-version : 5.3.5-1ubuntu7.2
namespace
main
{}
namespace
main\sub1
{
$data = 1;
}
namespace
main\sub2
{
echo $data;// 1
$data = 2;
}
namespace
main\sub1
{
echo $data;// 2
$data = 1;
}
namespace
{
echo $data;// 1
}
?>
It seems you cannot nest a constant declaration within a if statement
<?php
namespace FOO;
if(eval)
const BAR=true;
// will throw the following error:
// PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_CONST
// instead use:
if(eval)
define('FOO\BAR',true);
?>
Syntax for extending classes in namespaces is still the same.
Lets call this Object.php:
<?php
namespace com\rsumilang\common;
class Object{
// ... code ...
}
?>
And now lets create a class called String that extends object in String.php:
<?php
class String extends com\rsumilang\common\Object{
// ... code ...
}
?>
Now if you class String was defined in the same namespace as Object then you don't have to specify a full namespace path:
<?php
namespace com\rsumilang\common;
class String extends Object
{
// ... code ...
}
?>
Lastly, you can also alias a namespace name to use a shorter name for the class you are extending incase your class is in seperate namespace:
<?php
namespace com\rsumilang\util;
use com\rsumlang\common as Common;
class String extends Common\Object
{
// ... code ...
}
?>
- Richard Sumilang