CGI 和命令行设置

默认为将 PHP 编译为 CLI 和 CGI 程序。这将建立一个命令行解释器，可用于 CGI 处理或非 web 相关的 PHP 脚本。如果用户运行着一个 PHP 模块支持的 web 服务器，那通常为性能考虑应该使用模块方式。不过 CGI 版可以使 Apache 用户用不同的用户 ID 运行不同的 PHP 页面。

Warning

服务器使用 CGI 方式进行部署可能存在几个公开的缺陷。请阅读 CGI 安全一章以学习如何抵御这些攻击。

测试

如果将 PHP 编译为 CGI 程序，可以通过键入 make test 来测试你的编译。测试一下编译永远是个好主意。这样就可以在你的平台上及早捕捉到 PHP 的问题而不是以后再费力的解决。

使用变量

某些服务器提供的环境变量没有定义在当前的 » CGI/1.1 标准中。只有下列变量定义在其中： AUTH_TYPE， CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE, GATEWAY_INTERFACE, PATH_INFO, PATH_TRANSLATED, QUERY_STRING, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_IDENT, REMOTE_USER, REQUEST_METHOD, SCRIPT_NAME, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL 和 SERVER_SOFTWARE。其它的变量均作为"供应商扩展（vendor extensions）"来对待。

User Contributed Notes

gordon_e_rouse at yahoo dot com dot au 28-Feb-2008 12:25


Have noticed on debian now, and may be true of other builds, that if you are using php as a command line language, you don't need the -q ie: #!/usr/bin/php -q anymore.



What really took me ages to work out was how to the use php in cgi mode (ie in a cgi-bin directory) as it doesn't send http headers by default. It also fails to populate $_GET and $_POST arrays.



Turns out debian php build comes with /usr/bin/php-cgi 



Use this in your shebang if running CGI scripts!



ie:



#!/usr/bin/php-cgi



I understand now - but had to figure this out myself!



Keywords I tried to solve this problem with were:



PHP, CGI, no $_GET array, Premature end of script headers, No http Headers, debian



Hopefully this post might save someone many hours of frustration, if they are googling the above words!

info at ch2o dot info 17-Jun-2005 07:59


additionnal information to fastcgi...



the compilation of fastcgi library is not nessesary, php include a modified version of this library, 

and fastcgi module have this own implementation of the protocole fastcgi...



on the first server (where apache are!) the uid and gid of apache instance of the fastcgi module 

must be the same on the php file to execute... 

without that they dont work...

the module refuse to send the request to the fastcgi php server...

info at ch2o dot info 13-Jun-2005 10:59


for using fastcgi external server in place of cgi or mod php with php:



to compile fastcgi librairie:



  wget http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz

  tar xzvf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz

  cd fcgi-2.4.0

  ./configure

  make

  gmake install



to compile the fastcgi apache module:



  wget http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz

  tar xvzf mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz

  cd mod_fastcgi-2.4.2

  path/to/apache/bin/apxs -i -A -n fastcgi -o mod_fastcgi.la -c *.c



after you must modify the http.conf to add that:



  # load fcgi module

  LoadModule fastcgi_module      modules/mod_fastcgi.so



  # authorization to execute fcgi  on tree "/fcgi-bin/"

  <Location /fcgi-bin/>

      Options ExecCGI

      SetHandler fastcgi-script

  </Location>



  # define fastcgi external serveur for virtual path "/fcgi-bin/phpfcgi" to execute on targetmachinehost with targetport

  FastCgiExternalServer /fcgi-bin/phpfcgi -host targetmachinehostname:targetport

 



  # mime type definietion for some extention

  AddType application/x-httpd-fastphp .php .cphp .php4



  #define apache cgi regirection with the virtual action script /fcgi-bin/phpfcgi associated with the defined mime type. 

  Action application/x-httpd-fastphp /fcgi-bin/phpfcgi



start apache.



compile php with --enable-cgi  and --enable-fastcgi=/to/lib/fastcgi



start on target machine php with "php -b ip:port" for ear request from mod_fastcgi.



some aditional thing are in sapi/cgi/README.FastCGI of php src tree.



the document root of the apache machine must be synchronous with the php target machine... with the same tree...



and with that solution you can mixe php5 and php4 with different extention of apache directory limitation to one or another version...



with performance like mod_php!

kptrs at yahoo dot com 06-Jun-2004 04:37


Dug out from the discussion at the site below is a good tip: if you are working with an existing PHP installation which did not build either the commandline or CGI servers, you can use the lynx non-graphical web browser to get the web server to execute php scripts from the command line (or cron jobs, etc):



lynx -dump http://whatever



>If you wish to use PHP as a scripting language, a good article to read is >http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/darrell20000319.php3



>note that the article is aimed at *nix not win32, but most of it still applies

phil at philkern dot de 03-Jan-2003 10:40


Thanks nordkyn, this one was very helpful.

Please note that the kernel has to be compiled with misc binary support, which is activated on most distributions like Debian.

You would have to please these two lines in a script to run it after every reboot, on debian I propose /etc/init.d/bootmisc.sh

You could place this lines at the end but before : exit 0

---

# Install PHP as binary handler



mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

echo ":PHP:E::php::/usr/bin/php4:" > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register

---

And please remember that the package management would override the file on the next distribution upgrade :)

cv at corbach dot de 20-Feb-2002 08:18


Up to and including 4.1.1 you have to set doc_root to an non empty value if you configure PHP for CGI usage with --enable-discard-path.